satisfactory:Giving satisfaction sufficient to meet a demand or requirement; adequate. 强调的是满足预期、满足要求。同意词有“acceptable”。
它只是可以接受,并没有超出预期。
来源是satisfy。使满意,使认可。可以看出来是一种对结果的评估。desirable: 1. Worth having or seeking, as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing。
2. Worth doing or achieving; advisable: a desirable reform; a desirable outcome.这里两重意思,一个是值得拥有,一个是值得去追寻。来源是desire。
可以看出来是一种强烈的愿望,内心的期待。
英语四级重要知识点分类总结
英语四级考试如何复习,有哪些重要知识点、核心考点,这是许多考生共同的疑问。为了帮助到更多的考试,下文中为大家分类归纳总结了一些英语四级考试的重要知识点,供各位考生参考。
语法类重要知识点1、虚拟语气的:would rather+that从句+一般过去时It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时lest+that+should+动词原形if only+that+would+动词原形2、状语从句的:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。词汇类重要知识点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion2、习惯用法:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
英语语法:对动词不定式的理解
1. 不定式的定义 不定式(infinitive)是一种动词形式,正如其名称所示(infinitive=not limited;来自拉丁语“infinitivus ”,含义为“unlimited, indefinite”(不受限制,不确定);进一步地,源生自拉丁语“infinitus ”,含义为“not limited”)表示 不受限制,即其动词形式在语法上不受主语的人称或数的限制 。虽然其动词形式不受主语的人称(第一人称、第二人称和第三人称)和数(单数和复数)的限制,但是,当它用于表达当前和过去时间以及语态的时候,它的形式是可变的。
因为它没有断言(assert),所以,它没有情态(mood)。
例如: a. She /He sings very well. 她/他歌唱得好。 They/You sing very well. 他们/你歌唱得好。 (动词sing受人称的限制,有词形曲折变化) b. She/He wants to go to the karaoke hall to sing . 她/他想去卡拉OK厅唱歌。 They/You want to go to the karaoke hall to sing . 他们/你想去卡拉OK厅唱歌。
(动词sing采用不定式形式,没有词形曲折变化) 2. 不定式的形式 -------------------------------------主动语态---------------------------------被动语态 当前时态--------------------------To see-----------------------------------To be seen 过去时态或过去完成时态-----To have seen--------------------------To have been seen 不及物动词仅有主动语态的两种不定式形式 。 主动语态——“to be”: 当前时态:to be 过去时态或过去完成时态:to have been 主动语态——“to live”: 当前时态:to live 过去时态或过去完成时态:to have lived 3. 不定式描述的时间类型 和分词(现在分词,过去分词)一样,不定式描述的时间仅与它所在从句中的限定动词(finite verb)或主动词(principal verb)有关。这相对于主动词(main verb)所表达的绝对时间(absolute time)来说,称为相对时间(relative time)。
一个当前时态的不定式,实际上可以表示过去时间,例如,“He wanted to go”。 a . 绝对时间 (absolute time):当以写下或口说一个句子的时间为基准去度量的时间称为绝对时间。 b . 相对时间 (relative time):以从句的时间为基准去度量的时间称为相对时间。
4. 不定式形式和种类的历史演变 在古英语中,有两种形式的动词不定式: (1) 简单不定式 (simple infinitive),或者 名词不定式 (noun infinitive),它并没有“to”标识,但是通过在词尾加“-an”后缀标明,例如,“drinc-an”; (2) 动名词不定式 (gerundial infinitive),或称 修饰不定式 (qualifying infinitive,原本是一个与格(dative case)),它既然有“to”标识,也有词尾“-anne”和“-enne”标识,例如,“to drinc-enne”。 随着英语逐渐演变成一门非屈折变化的语言,这两种词尾标识形式的标识方式消失了。 名词不定式逐渐采用“ to ”来标识,但是这种改变并不彻底 。
第一种类型发展成了今天的不定式的名词用法;第二种类型发展成了今天的不定式的状语、形容词和独立结构用法。 5. 不带“to”标识的不定式 从前面的解释已经知道,古英语的名词不定式原本并没有“to”标识,随着不定式词尾的“-an”的脱落,它逐渐开始采用来自动名词不定式的这个“to”标识, 但是仍然存在很多不定式从来没有采用“ to ”标识(前面提过,这种变化是不彻底的,这也可以理解为什么有的不定式并没有使用“ to ”,例如,“ let ”) 。对于这种情况,我们不能理解为这种不定式是丢失了“to”;在用法上从来不曾在这个位置加过“to”标识。下面是对不带“to”不定式的分类: 5.1 感官动词。
例如,“hear”、“see”、“behold”、“know”、“feel” 、等等 例如: (1) I saw the tree fall . 我看到树倒下了。 (2) The man felt his companion move . 这个男子感觉他的同伴动了。 5.2 诸如“let”、“dare”、“need”、“make”、“bid”、等等这样的动词 例如: (1) You need not go . 你不必去。 (1) The teacher let the boy learn . 5.3 某些归类为助动词的动词,例如,“can”、“could”、“must”、“will”、“bid”、等等这样的动词 5.3.1 英语中主动词演变成的助动词: (1) can,could I can leave now=I am able to leave now. (2) must I must come home early=It is my duty to come home early. (3) may,might——表达许可,可能性,或愿望 I may accept the invitation=It is probable that I accept the invitation. (4) shall——用于第一和第三人称单数 They shall be punished for this=I am determined that they be punished for this. (5) will——用于第一人称 I will have my way=I am determined to have my way. (6) should——相当于ought She should not eat so much=He ought not to eat so much. (7) would——表达愿意或习惯 I would that you were here. The cat would come back=the cat’s habit was to come back. (8) have,had——单独或者与分词一起作为动词短语的主要成分 (9) do,did——与have动词一样用法。
(10) to be 动词的各种形式(“be”动词各种形式的统称) 5.3.2 英语中真正的助动词: (1) may,might——用于目的从句 He came that he might see you. (他来可能就是为了见你。) We eat that we may live. (我们吃东西是为了生存。) (2) shall——用于第一人称 I shall see you tomorrow. (3) will——用于第一人称和第三人称 He will arrive at noon today. (4) should——除了表示“ought”意义之外,它总是原本的助动词 I should think you have enough for the moment. (我想你现在已经够了) I should be happy,if he were only here. (如果他在这里,我会很高兴) (5) would——除了表示“愿望”或“习惯”意义之外,它总是原本的助动词 He would come,if he were invited. (如果邀请他,他会来。) (6) have,had——用于完成时态 They have left the bundles. (他把包裹留下了。
) They have been lost three times in the woods. (他们已经在树林里迷路三次了。) (7) do,did——与祈使和疑问动词连用表达强调意义 Do not leave me. Did you learn the sad news? I did not believe a word he said. (8) 所有构成被动语态的be动词形式 5.4 在前置词“but”、连词“than”、以及习语“had rather”、“had better”、“had sooner”、“had as lief”等等之后,省略不定式符号“to” 例如: (1) The child did nothing but cry . (注意:这里认为“but”是前置词(介词)) 这孩子一直哭。 (2) He is more likely to go than (to) stay . 他更可能去而不是留下。
(不过这种情况也可以看成是比级省略重复的“to”) (3) He had better leave the country at once. 注意事项 :在古老的习语中,“had as lief”、“had better”、等等,“had”是一个古老的虚拟语气形式(相当于现在的“would deem”),其含义为“deem,consider”。其后总是接不带“to”的不定式。“lief”(=“desirable”)和“better”,原本是形容词,现在当作副词使用,在很大程序上被“rather”和“sooner”所取代。
“He had better leave”=“He would deem it better to leave”。“I had as life remain as to go”=“I deem it as desirable to remain as I deem it desirable to go” 6. 分裂不定式(The “split” infinitive) 最好的不定式用法,是禁用在不定式符号“to”和不定式动词自身之间位置放置副词的,例如,“He wanted to merely ask a question”。然而,在过去几十年,这种用法越来越变得流行起来。这是一种俗化用法(vulgarism),在正式用法中应当尽量避免。
7. 不定式用法 请记住,尽管不定式常常扮演形容词、副词、或者名词的语法角色,但是它是一个动词,并且始终保持着动词的特征。 只有一种情况,不定式只充当一个动词的功能 : 当它有一个宾格形式的主语,因此,它是一个名词从句的谓语,这个名词从句就称为不定式从句(注:可以理解为不定式只有在这种情况下才可以充当谓语;因为,一般认为,不定式是非谓语动词,不能充当谓语,但是从语法和语义上来说,在不定式短语中,这个不定式的动词发出的动作,是由宾格形式的主语发出的,因此认为不定式部分是谓语说得通) 。例如: (1) They wanted me to make a speech.(“to make”是不定式短语“me to make”的谓语,“me”是宾格形式的主语) 他们想让我发表一个演讲。
(2) We believed him to be the man. (“to be”是不定式短语“him to be”的谓语,“him”是宾格形式的主语) 我们相信他就是那个人。 (3) The policeman ordered him to go . (“to go”是不定式短语“him to go”的谓语,“him”是宾格形式的主语) 警察命令他离开。 注意事项 :一些学者坚持认为,这些不定式是第二个宾语(间接宾语),因此,不定式的宾格主语是前面动词的直接宾语。而另一些学者则宣称,不定式作为形容词,修饰宾格的名词。
7.1 不定式充当名词的用法。——不定式可以用于除属格外的任何格的结构 7.1.1 不定式充当名词作主语 To forgive is divine. 原谅是神圣的。 7.1.2 不定式充当名词作连系动词的主语补语 His mission was to convert the heathen. 他的使命是改变异教徒的信仰。
7.1.3 不定式充当名词作及物动词的宾语 He desired to leave the city at once. 他想马上离开这座城市。 7.1.4 不定式充当名词作前置词宾语 (1) He wished for nothing except to live . 他只求活着。 (2) The crimin。
请问英语大神,下面句子为什么不是 “IT IS DESIRABLE”呢?
这里是consider的一种用法,和think,find的用法是一样的都是后面+it+形容词+to do sth.如:I find it difficult to learn English。这里用is的话就相当于省略that的宾语从句了,其实也不算错,但是不用is显得更简单。
四级语法知识点总结都有什么?
语法类重要知识点1、虚拟语气的:would rather+that从句+一般过去时It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时lest+that+should+动词原形if only+that+would+动词原形2、状语从句的:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。词汇类重要知识点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion2、习惯用法:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。3、由同一动词构成的短语:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
英语虚拟语气总结,归纳
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 1.虚拟语气 ① 虚拟条件句 (if) A:条件与现在或将来的事实不符合:if +过去时, 主+would +V原 B:条件与过去事实不符合:if +过去完成时,主+ would have doneIf we had enough money, we would buy a computer.If he knew the facts, he could tell us what to do.If you took more exercise, you might feel healthier.If I were to ask, would you help me?If I had left sooner, I’d have been on time. If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late. If he had received the present, he should have thanked her.②虚拟语气在从句中的使用 : 主+(should)+V原主+决定、打算、建议、要求、坚持+(should)+V原urge/demand/command/order/ask/require/request/insist/intend/prefer/advise/recommend/propose/ suggest 他们的名词之后+句子,这句子也要用同样的结构 requirement/ advice/proposal/demand/ decision/ request/ suggestion eg: Her suggestion is that they (should) carry on their conversation in French.it’s vital/ important/ essential/ appropriate/ strange/ advisable(明智的)/ desirable/necessary/natural… that +(should)+V原 It’s vital that we be present. It is important that this mission not fail. in case, lest, for fear that +(should)+V原 I put a coat over him in case that he should catch a cold.It is a pity /a shame/no wonder that+should +V原If only 引导的感叹句(要是。
该多好啊)If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!would rather + 从句 动词用过去式或过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about itHe treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son. even if ( even though)即使 Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.2.Wish 的用法: Ved(现在,将来) had done(过去) would V原(有可能实现但可能性较低的愿望)I wish we had more money.I wish that I had never met him.I wish you wouldn’t smoke any moreit’s (high/about) time that + V过: It’s high time that we went to bed.would rather(sooner)+Ved(现在、将来)/ had done(过去) I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather he hadn’t told me about it.as if/though+ Ved(现在、将来)/ had done(过去) He acts as if he knew you. You sat there as if nothing had happened.时态:一般过去时:过去某一时间发生的事 主+be/V 的过去式:He was young at the time. Betty called me this morning.现在完成时:对现在来说已经发生的事,没有过去时间: 主+have/has +V 过去分词 The rain has stopped. 完成进行时:从过去某时起一直持续的动作,也许刚停止,也许还在进行。主+have/has been doing I have been waiting for you for an hour. She’s been working all morning.一般将来时:还未发生的事。主+will do The concert will start in a minute.将来完成时:在将来一个时间前已经完成的动作: 主+will have done Call us after 8o’clock. We will have finished dinner by then.过去完成时:在过去一个时间前已经完成的动作: 主+had done When I got to the station the train had left一般现在时:经常性,反复性的动作,现在的状态 主+be 或V(主语为单三V+s/es) My father is retired now. He gets up early. 现在进行时:现在正在发生的动作 主+be +Ving Turn off the radio. Jane is studying.被动语态:常用时态的被动语态 过去时 主+was/were+done A new library was completed in June. 将来时 主+will be+done A new library will be completed next June. 现在完成时 主+have/has been+done A new library has been completed. 一般现在时 主+am/is/are+done Housework is always done by housewives. 现在进行时 主+am/is/are being+done A new library is being built.情态动词的被动语态Can/must/should/may/have to be done 能够、必须、应该、也许会、必须被做Should/must/may have been done本应该被做而没有、一定已经被、也许已经被 His request may be refused. I can’t find my wallet, it must/may be stolen. Your homework should have been finished last week.情态动词的用法can/must/may/should/have to do/used to do sth. 能够、必须、也许/可以、应该、不得不、曾经做 Must/can’t/may have done 推测的用法 一定已经做了、不可能已经做了、也许已经做了 He must/can’t/may have arrived already.should/shouldn’t/needn’t have done 本应该做而没做、本不该做而做了、本不需要做而做了。 You are right, I should have thought of that.四 情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做 - -needn’t have done 本不必做 - would have done 本来会去做---- 倒装句否定词在居首,部分倒装,如never, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, not until, not only at no time, under no circumstance, by no means, in no case (决不), in vain Little did we know of this country’s abundance in natural resources. Under no circumstances should a communist place his personal interest first. Not only did he speak correctly, but he spoke more easily.Hardly(scarcely)…when与No sooner…than 的句型Hardly+ had sb done + when sb V过去时 Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.Only 放句首+adj/adv/介词短语 Only in this way can our honor be saved步骤:首先快速浏览句子,先看英语不看汉语,从而判断划线处所填句子的时态,语态。
判断除了时态,语态外考察的语法(如虚拟语气) 判断考的固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短 语 ),选用合适的动词连接。
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